Effect of Biomento Postbiotic on Bad Breath
There are microorganisms that live in various parts of the human body such as the skin, mouth, urogenital system, and gastrointestinal tract without causing disease. While these communities, consisting of primarily bacteria, fungi, viruses and various eukaryotic microorganisms, are called "normal flora", they have been called "microbiota" in recent years. The genetic material of this microorganism community is called the "microbiome"(1).
Lately, a new term “postbiotic” has come into use. Briefly, a probiotic can be defined as the combination of all bioactive components produced by the bacterium. Although postbiotics are also called “non-biotic”, cell surface proteins, bacterial enzymes, and peptides obtained from non-living probiotic bacteria, bacterial lysates, metabolites produced by bacteria such as teichoic acid, peptidoglycan derivative neuropeptides, short-chain fatty acids, extracellular polysaccharides and may contain weak organic acids such as, for example, lactic acid(2).
The mouth forms one of the richest microbial habitats of the human body. In this community, which is also defined as the oral microbiota, approximately 280 bacterial species have been isolated and described. The formation of these bacterial colonies begins in the postnatal period and it is thought that there are between 500 and 700 bacterial species likely to be identified in the future.
Fungi make up a small part of the oral microbiota and are called the microbiome. Candida is the most common type of fungi found in the mouth; Candida albicans is the cause of some oral diseases. Candida colonization, which starts after birth, increases with age under normal conditions and reaches its most intense form in old age. Fungi of the Candida group continue to live in an ecosystem in a symbiotic relationship with the bacterial biota.
There are also viruses in the mouth. The total virus population in the mouth is also called viroma. These are thought to exist as a gene source for the bacteria to continue their functions. For example, the Herpes simplex virus is blamed as the cause of aphthous stomatitis.
In addition, although in a small group, there are microorganism groups called Archaea in the mouth, which define prokaryotes.
All these microorganisms continue to exist in a balance every day in the mouth, especially after the completion of the milk teeth. This situation can vary from person to person, age to age, even season to season. In particular, the settlement of fungi and virus species is completed at later ages. As long as this microbial balance continues, we do not even know about the existence of microorganisms.
In order for this microbiota to continue in a healthy way; Intraoral pH, structure, and amount of saliva play an important role. There are 140,000,000 cfu of bacteria in 1 milliliter of saliva.
Although the oral cavity contains several different microbial habitats such as periodontal pockets, the surface of the teeth and cheeks, the tongue is the most populated place for microorganisms. Microbes on the tongue often roam around the oral cavity to colonize other areas. In the tongue, Veillonella atypica, Porphyromonas gingivalis, 3 Selenomonas spp., Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, Capnocytophaga spp. and many more microorganisms. The oropharynx consists of mucus-producing and ciliated cells to facilitate the passage of food. Microbes found in the oropharynx include Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Microorganisms that are not found in the oropharynx but can be found in the oral cavity; Streptococcus faecalis, Eikenella corrodens, Enterobacteriaceae, Actinomyces, Lactobacilli, Veillonella and Treponema.
Diseases such as caries, periodontitis, oral squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer can be diagnosed with salivary microbiota analysis.
In our study; Microorganism Content Representing Intraoral Microbiota Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Bacteroides forsythus, Streptococcus mutans Peptostreptococcus micros, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Lactobacillus gasdibiccerida.
Toothpaste Containing Probiotic Bacteria Extract was applied to 100 cm2 by forming 5 control groups and 5 study groups. Approximately 5E+4 cfu/cm2 intraoral microbiota elements were applied to 100 cm2, sterile, marked area. It was left to dry for 2 hours at 25 °C in an anaerobic/aerobic environment. After drying was completed, 1 ml of ¼ diluted toothpaste was applied to the surface. It was left to dry in an anaerobic environment at 25 °C for 2 hours. After drying, a sample was taken from the area with the swab technique. Counting was done by homogenizing in 1/10 dilution liquid.
Effects on Lactobacillus species: Lactobacillus group bacteria, which are expected to be in the mouth, increased after the application of toothpaste containing live probiotic bacteria. Due to the probiotic species, the toothpaste has a stimulant effect on the Lactobacillus group applied to the special surface.
Effect on Non-Lactobacillus spp Microorganisms: A decrease was observed in the number of bacteria and yeasts that are frequently isolated in the mouth after the application of toothpaste containing probiotic bacteria extract. Due to the probiotic extract, the toothpaste has an inhibitory effect on bacteria and yeast applied to the special surface. As a result of this effect, it is expected that the toothpaste formula will be usable in reducing bad breath and odors during dental infections.
Resources:
- Mikrobiyota Probiyotikler ve Akılcı Beslenme, Nobel Publishing, 2020 Editor Prof. Dr. Mustafa Altindiş
- Tıp ve Mühendislik Bakış Açısıyla Probiyotikler ve Prebiyotikler, Istanbul Aydın University Press, 2021, Dr. Mustafa Aydin
